487 lines
19 KiB
Python
487 lines
19 KiB
Python
# 此代码可以绘制某年、某高度的纬向风/经向风的，潮汐波和行星波的
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# 年振幅图、月振幅图、日拟合正弦波图
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# 基本思想是，1-先处理某高度全年观测数据，得到final_df
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# 2-再选择风的类型，得到此高度全年每一天的纬向风/经向风大气长波拟合参数，函数process_wind_data_with_models
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# 3-下一步就是根据参数绘制图形，可选择年振幅图、月振幅图、日拟合正弦波图（#todo:上一步风的类型已确定）
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# plot_yearly_params、plot_month_params、plot_sine_wave_for_day
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import glob
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import pandas as pd
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import numpy as np
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import os
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from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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from datetime import datetime
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# 解决绘图中中文不能显示的问题
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import matplotlib
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# 设置中文显示和负号正常显示
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matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 显示中文
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matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 正常显示负号
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# 定义所有模型
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def tidal_model(t, v0, a1, b1, a2, b2, a3, b3, a4, b4):
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"""潮汐波模型"""
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T1, T2, T3, T4 = 6, 8, 12, 24 # 周期以小时为单位
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return (v0 + a1 * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T1) * t + b1)
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+ a2 * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T2) * t + b2)
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+ a3 * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T3) * t + b3)
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+ a4 * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T4) * t + b4))
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def planetary_model_2day(t, v0, a, b):
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"""2日行星波模型"""
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T = 48 # 周期为2天（48小时）
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return v0 + a * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T) * t + b)
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def planetary_model_5day(t, v0, a, b):
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"""5日行星波模型"""
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T = 120 # 周期为5天（120小时）
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return v0 + a * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T) * t + b)
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def planetary_model_10day(t, v0, a, b):
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"""10日行星波模型"""
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T = 240 # 周期为10天（240小时）
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return v0 + a * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T) * t + b)
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def planetary_model_16day(t, v0, a, b):
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"""16日行星波模型"""
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T = 384 # 周期为16天（384小时）
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return v0 + a * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T) * t + b)
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# 统一管理模型及其参数
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MODELS = {
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'潮汐波': {
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'function': tidal_model,
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'param_names': ['v0', 'a1', 'b1', 'a2', 'b2', 'a3', 'b3', 'a4', 'b4'],
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'initial_guess': [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0],
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'bounds': ([-np.inf, 0, -np.inf, 0, -np.inf, 0, -np.inf, 0, -np.inf],
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[np.inf, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf, np.inf]),
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'window': 5 # 窗口为5天
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},
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'2日行星波': {
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'function': planetary_model_2day,
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'param_names': ['v0', 'a', 'b'],
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'initial_guess': [0, 1, 0],
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'bounds': ([-np.inf, 0, -np.inf], [np.inf, np.inf, np.inf]),
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'window': 5 # 窗口为5天
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},
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'5日行星波': {
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'function': planetary_model_5day,
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'param_names': ['v0', 'a', 'b'],
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'initial_guess': [0, 1, 0],
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'bounds': ([-np.inf, 0, -np.inf], [np.inf, np.inf, np.inf]),
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'window': 15 # 窗口为15天
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},
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'10日行星波': {
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'function': planetary_model_10day,
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'param_names': ['v0', 'a', 'b'],
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'initial_guess': [0, 1, 0],
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'bounds': ([-np.inf, 0, -np.inf], [np.inf, np.inf, np.inf]),
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'window': 29 # 窗口为29天
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},
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'16日行星波': {
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'function': planetary_model_16day,
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'param_names': ['v0', 'a', 'b'],
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'initial_guess': [0, 1, 0],
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'bounds': ([-np.inf, 0, -np.inf], [np.inf, np.inf, np.inf]),
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'window': 49 # 窗口为49天
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},
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}
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################################ 选定风的类型，得到整年的每一天拟合参数
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def process_wind_data_with_models(final_df, wind_type, year, H, selected_models=None):
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"""
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处理风速数据并针对多种模型进行拟合和绘图。
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:param selected_models: 可选，指定使用的模型类型列表。如果为 None，则处理所有模型。
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:return: 整年所有模型的拟合参数字典
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"""
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wind_data = final_df[[col for col in final_df.columns if wind_type in col]]
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wind_data.columns = [col[:8] for col in wind_data.columns]
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result = wind_data.to_numpy().T.flatten()
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column_names = np.repeat(wind_data.columns.to_numpy(), 24)
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combined = pd.DataFrame(np.vstack((column_names, result)))
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dates = combined.iloc[0].values
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wind_speed = combined.iloc[1].values
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date_series = pd.to_datetime(dates)
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data = pd.DataFrame({'date': date_series, 'wind_speed': wind_speed})
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data.set_index('date', inplace=True)
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unique_dates = np.unique(data.index.date)
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# 如果指定了模型，则只处理指定的模型
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if selected_models is None:
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models_to_process = MODELS.keys() # 默认处理所有模型
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else:
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models_to_process = selected_models # 使用指定的模型列表
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all_params = {} # 存储所有模型的参数数据框
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for model_name in models_to_process:
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if model_name not in MODELS:
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print(f"Model {model_name} is not valid.")
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continue
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model_info = MODELS[model_name]
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params = []
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model_func = model_info['function']
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param_names = model_info['param_names']
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initial_guess = model_info['initial_guess']
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bounds = model_info['bounds']
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window_days = model_info['window'] # 获取窗口长度
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for date in unique_dates:
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# 根据模型窗口调整时间范围
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start_date = pd.to_datetime(date) - pd.Timedelta(days=(window_days - 1) / 2)
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end_date = pd.to_datetime(date) + pd.Timedelta(days=(window_days - 1) / 2)
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window_data = data[start_date:end_date]
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t = np.arange(len(window_data)) + 1
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y = pd.to_numeric(window_data['wind_speed'], errors='coerce')
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valid_mask = ~np.isnan(y)
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t = t[valid_mask]
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y = y[valid_mask]
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if len(y) < len(initial_guess) * 2: # todo：认为如果数据点个数少于参数的2倍，则认为数据不够拟合，之前是6倍，在这里放宽了
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print(f"Not enough valid data after filtering for date: {date}")
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params.append([None] * len(param_names))
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continue
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try:
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popt, _ = curve_fit(model_func, t, y, p0=initial_guess, bounds=bounds)
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params.append(popt)
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except RuntimeError:
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print(f"Fitting failed for date: {date}")
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params.append([None] * len(param_names))
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# 保存整年参数
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params_df = pd.DataFrame(params, columns=param_names, index=unique_dates)
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# file_name = f'{year}年_{wind_type}_{H // 1000}km_{model_name}_强度.txt'
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# params_df.to_csv(os.path.join(output_dir, file_name), sep='\t', index=True, header=True)
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all_params[model_name] = params_df # 将每个模型的参数数据框存入字典
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return all_params # 返回包含所有模型参数的数据字典
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# 外部绘制全年图形
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def plot_yearly_params(params_dict, model_name,year, wind_type, H):
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"""
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绘制全年的参数图形。
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:param params_dict: 存储所有模型的参数数据框字典
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:param model_name: 模型名称
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"""
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params_df = params_dict[model_name]
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# 绘图
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if 'a1' in params_df.columns: # 处理潮汐波多分量
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plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
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for i, T in enumerate([6, 8, 12, 24], start=1):
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plt.plot(params_df[f'a{i}'], label=f'{T}h', linewidth=2)
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else: # 处理行星波单分量
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plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
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plt.plot(params_df['a'], label=f'{model_name}', color='orange', linewidth=2)
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plt.title(f'{year}年{wind_type}_{H // 1000}km_{model_name}_强度', fontsize=16)
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plt.xlabel('日期', fontsize=14)
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plt.ylabel('幅度 (m/s)', fontsize=14)
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plt.xticks(rotation=45)
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plt.legend()
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plt.tick_params(axis='both', labelsize=12) # 调整刻度字体大小
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plt.tight_layout()
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# 绘制月振幅图
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def plot_month_params(params_dict, model_name, wind_type, year, month, H):
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"""
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绘制指定月份的参数图形。
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:param params_dict: 存储所有模型的参数数据框字典
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:param model_name: 模型名称
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:param wind_type: 风速类型
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:param year: 需要绘制的年份
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:param month: 需要绘制的月份
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:param output_dir: 输出目录
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:param H: 水平尺度
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"""
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# 获取该年份的数据框
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params_df = params_dict[model_name]
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# 确保索引是 datetime 类型
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if not pd.api.types.is_datetime64_any_dtype(params_df.index):
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# print("Index is not datetime. Converting to datetime...")
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params_df.index = pd.to_datetime(params_df.index)
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# 筛选出指定年份和月份的数据
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params_df_month = params_df[(params_df.index.year == year) & (params_df.index.month == month)]
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# 检查筛选后的数据是否为空
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if params_df_month.empty:
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print(f"No data available for {year}-{month}.")
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return
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# 绘图
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plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
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# 判断是潮汐波还是行星波
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if model_name == '潮汐波': # 处理潮汐波多分量
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for i, T in enumerate([6, 8, 12, 24], start=1):
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col_name = f'a{i}'
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if col_name in params_df_month.columns:
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plt.plot(params_df_month[col_name], label=f'{T}h', linewidth=2)
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else:
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print(f"Warning: Column '{col_name}' not found in the dataframe.")
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else: # 处理行星波单分量
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if 'a' in params_df_month.columns:
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plt.plot(params_df_month['a'], label=f'{model_name}', color='orange', linewidth=2)
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else:
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print(f"Warning: Column 'a' not found in the dataframe.")
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# 设置标题和标签
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plt.title(f'{year}年{month}月{wind_type}_{H // 1000}km_{model_name}_强度', fontsize=16)
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plt.xlabel('日期', fontsize=14)
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plt.ylabel('幅度 (m/s)', fontsize=14)
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plt.xticks(rotation=45)
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plt.legend()
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plt.tick_params(axis='both', labelsize=12) # 调整刻度字体大小
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plt.tight_layout()
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# 绘制日拟合正弦波图
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def plot_sine_wave_for_day(params_df, date, wind_type, H, model_name):
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"""
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根据指定日期的参数，绘制标准的正弦曲线图。
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:param params_df: 存储所有模型的参数数据框
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:param date: 指定日期（例如 '2024-03-17'）
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:param wind_type: 风速类型（例如 'uwind'）
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:param H: 水平尺度
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:param model_name: 模型名称（例如 '5日行星波', '10日行星波', '潮汐波'）
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"""
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# 将字符串日期转换为 datetime 格式
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try:
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date = datetime.strptime(date, '%Y-%m-%d')
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except ValueError:
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print(f"Error: Invalid date format '{date}', expected 'YYYY-MM-DD'.")
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return
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# 检查 params_df.index 是否为 datetime 类型，若不是，则将其转换
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if not isinstance(params_df.index, pd.DatetimeIndex):
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print("Warning: params_df index is not of type datetime. Converting index to datetime...")
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params_df.index = pd.to_datetime(params_df.index)
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# 获取指定日期的参数
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if date not in params_df.index:
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print(f"Warning: {date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')} not found in the parameter dataframe.")
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return
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params = params_df.loc[date]
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# 检查参数是否为 NaN 或 Inf
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if params.isnull().any() or np.isinf(params).any():
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print(f"Warning: Parameters for {date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')} contain NaN or Inf values. Skipping the plot.")
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return
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# 判断是否是潮汐波模型
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if 'a1' in params: # 如果是潮汐波模型
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T1, T2, T3, T4 = 6, 8, 12, 24 # 潮汐波的周期
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# 生成时间数据
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t = np.linspace(0, 48, 1000) # 生成0到48小时的1000个点
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# 从参数中提取值
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v0 = params['v0']
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a1 = params['a1']
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b1 = params['b1']
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a2 = params['a2']
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b2 = params['b2']
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a3 = params['a3']
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b3 = params['b3']
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a4 = params['a4']
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b4 = params['b4']
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# 计算正弦波的值
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y1 = v0 * np.ones_like(t) # 常量项
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y2 = a1 * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T1) * t + b1)
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y3 = a2 * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T2) * t + b2)
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y4 = a3 * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T3) * t + b3)
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y5 = a4 * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T4) * t + b4)
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# 绘制图形
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plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
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plt.plot(t, y1, label='常量', color='purple')
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plt.plot(t, y2, label='6h', color='blue')
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plt.plot(t, y3, label='8h', color='orange')
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plt.plot(t, y4, label='12h', color='green')
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plt.plot(t, y5, label='24h', color='red')
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# 添加图例和标签
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plt.title(f'{date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")} {wind_type}风速拟合潮汐波', fontsize=16)
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plt.xlabel('时间 (小时)', fontsize=14)
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plt.ylabel('幅度 (m/s)', fontsize=14)
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plt.legend()
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plt.grid(True)
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plt.xlim(0, 48) # 0到48小时
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plt.ylim(min(y1.min(), y2.min(), y3.min(), y4.min(), y5.min()-1),
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max(y1.max(), y2.max(), y3.max(), y4.max(), y5.max())+1)
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plt.tight_layout()
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else: # 处理行星波模型
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# 根据传入的模型名称选择周期
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if model_name == '2日行星波':
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T = 48 # 2日行星波的周期为48小时
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elif model_name == '5日行星波':
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T = 120 # 5日行星波的周期为120小时
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elif model_name == '10日行星波':
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T = 240 # 10日行星波的周期为240小时
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elif model_name == '16日行星波':
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T = 384 # 16日行星波的周期为384小时
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else:
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print(f"Error: Unsupported planetary wave model '{model_name}'.")
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return
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# 生成时间数据
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t = np.linspace(0, T*2, 1000) # 根据周期生成对应的时间范围
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# 从参数中提取值
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v0 = params['v0']
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a = params['a']
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b = params['b']
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# 计算正弦波的值
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y1 = v0 * np.ones_like(t) # 常量项
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y2 = a * np.sin((2 * np.pi / T) * t + b)
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# 绘制图形
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plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
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plt.plot(t, y1, label='常量', color='purple')
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plt.plot(t, y2, label=f'{model_name} ({T}小时)', color='orange')
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# 添加图例和标签
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plt.title(f'{date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")} {wind_type}风速拟合 {model_name}', fontsize=16)
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plt.xlabel('时间 (小时)', fontsize=14)
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plt.ylabel('幅度 (m/s)', fontsize=14)
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plt.legend()
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plt.grid(True)
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plt.xlim(0, T*2) # 根据周期调整时间范围
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plt.ylim(min(y1.min(), y2.min()-1), max(y1.max(), y2.max())+1)
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plt.tight_layout()
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def get_final_df(H, year, station):
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# 下边处理，绘图
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# 参数设置，选择高度、时间、站点
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# # station = '黑龙江漠河站'
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# 文件路径设置
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file_dir = rf'./radar/data/{station}/{year}' # 数据文件路径
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output_dir = rf'./out\{station}\{year}' # 参数txt、图片输出路径
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os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True) # 确保输出路径存在
|
||
|
||
# 1------------------------提取整个文件夹的数据
|
||
# 获取所有 txt 文件
|
||
file_list = [f for f in os.listdir(file_dir) if f.endswith('.txt')]
|
||
|
||
# 初始化空的 DataFrame，用于合并所有文件的数据
|
||
final_df = pd.DataFrame()
|
||
|
||
# 批量处理每个 txt 文件
|
||
for file_name in file_list:
|
||
file_path = os.path.join(file_dir, file_name) # 拼接文件路径
|
||
df = pd.read_csv(file_path, delim_whitespace=True) # 读取文件
|
||
date_part = os.path.splitext(file_name)[0][-8:] # 提取日期部分
|
||
|
||
# 处理缺失值，将 1000000 替换为 NaN
|
||
df.loc[df['uwind'] == 1000000, 'uwind'] = np.nan
|
||
df.loc[df['vwind'] == 1000000, 'vwind'] = np.nan
|
||
|
||
# 筛选出 height 列为 90km 的行
|
||
filtered_df = df[df['height'] == H]
|
||
|
||
# 重命名列，包含日期信息
|
||
filtered_df = filtered_df.rename(columns={
|
||
'uwind': f'{date_part}_uwind',
|
||
'vwind': f'{date_part}_vwind'
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
# 只保留需要的列
|
||
filtered_df = filtered_df[['height', 'time', f'{date_part}_uwind', f'{date_part}_vwind']]
|
||
|
||
# 如果 final_df 为空，则直接赋值
|
||
if final_df.empty:
|
||
final_df = filtered_df
|
||
else:
|
||
# 按 'height' 和 'time' 列对齐合并
|
||
final_df = pd.merge(final_df, filtered_df, on=['height', 'time'], how='outer')
|
||
|
||
# 生成完整日期范围的列名，补全缺失的天，使得平年365，闰年366
|
||
all_dates = pd.date_range(f'{year}-01-01', f'{year}-12-31').strftime('%Y%m%d')
|
||
expected_columns = [f'{date}_uwind' for date in all_dates] + [f'{date}_vwind' for date in all_dates]
|
||
|
||
# 确保 final_df 包含所有日期的列，缺失列补为 NaN
|
||
for col in expected_columns:
|
||
if col not in final_df.columns:
|
||
final_df[col] = np.nan
|
||
|
||
# 按列名排序（确保日期顺序）
|
||
final_df = final_df[['height', 'time'] + sorted(expected_columns)]
|
||
return final_df
|
||
# 此时，final_df已经是90km包含完整天的观测数据---------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
# 2---------------------------整年纬向风/经向风拟合参数
|
||
# params_dict = process_wind_data_with_models(final_df,'uwind', output_dir, year, H,selected_models=['潮汐波','2日行星波'])
|
||
|
||
|
||
# params_dict = process_wind_data_with_models(final_df,
|
||
# 'uwind', output_dir, year, H,
|
||
# selected_models=None)
|
||
|
||
|
||
class final_render_v2():
|
||
def __init__(self, H, year, station, wind_type):
|
||
self.H , self.year, self.station, self.wind_type = H, year, station, wind_type
|
||
final_df = get_final_df(H, year, station)
|
||
self.params_dict = process_wind_data_with_models(final_df, wind_type, year, H, selected_models=None)
|
||
|
||
def render_day(self, date, model_name):
|
||
plot_sine_wave_for_day(self.params_dict[model_name], date, self.wind_type, self.H, model_name)
|
||
|
||
def render_month(self, month, model_name):
|
||
plot_month_params(self.params_dict, model_name, self.wind_type, self.year, month, self.H)
|
||
|
||
def render_year(self, model_name):
|
||
plot_yearly_params(self.params_dict, model_name, self.year, self.wind_type, self.H)
|
||
|
||
@staticmethod
|
||
def get_all_models():
|
||
return list(MODELS.keys())
|
||
|
||
@staticmethod
|
||
def get_all_pathes():
|
||
result = glob.glob(f"./radar/data/**/*.txt", recursive=True)
|
||
# normalize path
|
||
result = [os.path.normpath(path).replace("\\", "/") for path in result]
|
||
return result
|
||
|
||
|
||
# todo:此时得到的参数，年份、高度、风的类型已经固定
|
||
|
||
# 3---------------------------绘图
|
||
# 使用示例：绘制全年图形
|
||
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
||
# H = 94000 # 高度为 90km
|
||
# year = 2022
|
||
import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
|
||
fm.fontManager.addfont("./SimHei.ttf")
|
||
|
||
# station = '武汉左岭镇站'
|
||
renderer = final_render_v2(94000, 2022, '武汉左岭镇站', 'uwind')
|
||
renderer.render_year('潮汐波')
|
||
plt.show()
|
||
renderer.render_month(3, '潮汐波')
|
||
plt.show()
|
||
renderer.render_day('2022-03-17', '潮汐波')
|
||
plt.show() |